Contrastive Learning For Reading Behavior Embedding In E-Book System

When students use e-learning systems such as learning management systems and e-book systems, the operation logs are stored and analyzed to understand student learning behaviors. For implementing some applications, such as dashboard systems and at-risk student detection, the operation logs are mainly transformed into features designed by researchers. Such hand-crafted features, like the number of operations, are easily interpretable. However, the power of the hand-craft features may be limited for the recent large-scale educational dataset. In machine learning research, data-driven features are demonstrated to be a better representation than hand-crafted features. However, there are few discussions in the educational data due to a need for many operation logs. In this study, we collect reading logs of an e-book system. We propose a representation learning method for the reading logs based on contrastive learning. Our proposed method transforms time-series reading logs into reading behavior feature vectors directly without hand-crafted features. In our experiments, we demonstrate that the power of our feature representation is better than a traditional count-based hand-crafted feature representation in the at-risk student detection task. In addition, we investigate the characteristics of the feature space learned by our proposed method. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.